lesson 08 · grammar + 6 cards
the past tense · preteklik
biti + the -l participle, agreeing with gender
Slovene builds the past from two pieces: a form of 'to be' and a special participle that changes with gender. Once you see the pattern it's easy. Learn the rule, practise it, drill the forms. About seven minutes.
00
warm-up
· ogrevanje — the 10-second versionbiti + the -l participle, which agrees with gender
01
grammar
· learn the rule⏪
the past tense
· preteklikbiti + the -l participle, which agrees with gender
The past tense (preteklik) is two pieces: the present of biti (sem · si · je) plus the -l participle, and that participle agrees with gender: -l (masculine), -la (feminine), -lo (neuter). So 'I spoke' is govoril sem if you're a man, govorila sem if you're a woman — the verb itself tells us who. Here we drill the third person: on je (he), ona je (she), ono je (it).
on je govorilhe spokemoški → -l
ona je govorilashe spokeženski → -la
ono je biloit wassrednji → -lo
02
practice
· match the subject0 ✓🧍on je ___ (biti) 💡 bil
he … (past · to be)
✓ bil — on → -l (moški)
🤲ona je ___ (imeti) 💡 imela
she … (past · to have)
✓ imela — ona → -la (ženski)
🚶ono je ___ (iti) 💡 šlo
it … (past · to go)
✓ šlo — ono → -lo (srednji)
💬on je ___ (govoriti) 💡 govoril
he … (past · to speak)
✓ govoril — on → -l (moški)
🍽️ona je ___ (jesti) 💡 jedla
she … (past · to eat)
✓ jedla — ona → -la (ženski)
🥤ono je ___ (piti) 💡 pilo
it … (past · to drink)
✓ pilo — ono → -lo (srednji)
03
quick practice
· fast recall0 ✓fast recall — tap the match.
🧍biti → ona je…? 💡 bila
✓ bila — ona → -la (ženski)
🤲imeti → ono je…? 💡 imelo
✓ imelo — ono → -lo (srednji)
🚶iti → on je…? 💡 šel
✓ šel — on → -l (moški)
💬govoriti → ona je…? 💡 govorila
✓ govorila — ona → -la (ženski)
🍽️jesti → ono je…? 💡 jedlo
✓ jedlo — ono → -lo (srednji)
🥤piti → on je…? 💡 pil
✓ pil — on → -l (moški)
🖼️
picture words
· see it, type it in Slovenetype the Slovene word for each picture — accents optional
🧍
to be, to exist
🤲
to have
🚶
to go
💬
to speak
🍽️
to eat
🥤
to drink
🎴
memory match
· pair Slovene with English0 pairstap two cards to find a matching pair — clear the board
04
cards
· drill the wordstap a card to flip · 6 cards
🧍
biti
/bìːti/
to be, to exist
m bil · f bila · n bilo
🤲
imeti
/imèːti/
to have
m imel · f imela · n imelo
🚶
iti
/ìːti/
to go
m šel · f šla · n šlo
💬
govoriti
/ɡɔʋɔrìːti/
to speak
m govoril · f govorila · n govorilo
🍽️
jesti
/jèːsti/
to eat
m jedel · f jedla · n jedlo
🥤
piti
/pìːti/
to drink
m pil · f pila · n pilo
lesson complete! 🎉
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slovenian-kb · lesson generated by 10_build_lesson.py