lesson 05 · grammar + 8 cards

the 'with' case · orodnik

8 things + the instrumental

The case for what you do something with, and how you travel — with a spoon, by train, with milk. It always rides behind a preposition, s or z. Learn the rule, practise it, drill the words. About seven minutes.

⏱️ ≈7 min🔥 warm-up → 🎯 grammar → 📝 practice → ⚡ quick → 🃏 cards

warm-up

· ogrevanje — the 10-second version

with what? by what? — the tool or companion

grammar

· learn the rule

🔧

the 'with' case

· orodnik

with what? by what? — the tool or companion

The instrumental (orodnik) marks the tool, means, or company — with a spoon, by train, with a friend. In modern Slovene it is always used with a preposition, usually s or z (with): s before a voiceless sound (s kavo), z before everything else (z vlakom). The endings: feminine -a → -o (kava → kavo), masculine + -om (vlak → vlakom), neuter + -om (mleko → mlekom). It answers s čim? — with what?

Pijem s kavo.I drink with coffee.feminine -a → -o · s

Grem z vlakom.I go by train.masculine + -om

Kavo pijem z mlekom.I drink coffee with milk.neuter + -om

practice

· put it in the orodnik0 ✓

☕Grem s ___. (kava) 💡 kavo

I go with coffee.

✓ kavo — feminine -a → -o

🥄Pišem z ___. (žlica) 💡 žlico

I write with spoon.

✓ žlico — feminine -a → -o

🚢Potujemo z ___. (ladja) 💡 ladjo

We travel by ship.

✓ ladjo — feminine -a → -o

🐟Krožnik je z ___. (riba) 💡 ribo

The plate has fish on it.

✓ ribo — feminine -a → -o

🚆Grem z ___. (vlak) 💡 vlakom

I go with train.

✓ vlakom — masculine + -om

🚗Z ___ grem v službo. (avto) 💡 avtom

I go to work by car.

✓ avtom — masculine + -om

🚌V šolo grem z ___. (avtobus) 💡 avtobusom

I go to school by bus.

✓ avtobusom — masculine + -om

🥛Kavo pijem z ___. (mleko) 💡 mlekom

I drink coffee with milk.

✓ mlekom — neuter + -om

quick practice

· fast recall0 ✓

fast recall — tap the match.

☕kava → orodnik? 💡 kavo

✓ kavo — feminine -a → -o

🥄žlica → orodnik? 💡 žlico

✓ žlico — feminine -a → -o

🚢ladja → orodnik? 💡 ladjo

✓ ladjo — feminine -a → -o

🐟riba → orodnik? 💡 ribo

✓ ribo — feminine -a → -o

🚆vlak → orodnik? 💡 vlakom

✓ vlakom — masculine + -om

🚗avto → orodnik? 💡 avtom

✓ avtom — masculine + -om

🚌avtobus → orodnik? 💡 avtobusom

✓ avtobusom — masculine + -om

🥛mleko → orodnik? 💡 mlekom

✓ mlekom — neuter + -om

🔤

unscramble

· rebuild the Slovene word

the letters are jumbled — type the correct Slovene word

v a k a coffee

l a c ž i spoon

d a a j l ship

i a r b fish

a k v l train

v t o a car, automobile

🗂️

sort by gender

· tap a word, then its column0 ✓

is each noun moški, ženski or srednji? tap the word, then the right column

moški · m

ženski · f

srednji · n

cards

· drill the words

tap a card to flip · 8 cards

☕

kava

/kàːʋa/

coffee

orodnik: kavo

🥄

žlica

/ʒlìːt͡sa/

spoon

orodnik: žlico

🚢

ladja

/làːdja/

ship

orodnik: ladjo

🐟

riba

REE-bah

fish

🧠 rib — A RIB bone sticks out of the FISH on your plate — REE-bah, ribba, fish-rib.

orodnik: ribo

🚆

vlak

/ʋláːk/

train

orodnik: vlakom

🚗

avto

/áːʋtɔ/

car, automobile

orodnik: avtom

🚌

avtobus

/áːʋtɔbus/

bus

orodnik: avtobusom

🥛

mleko

MLEH-koh

milk

🧠 melt-cocoa — You MELT COCOA into warm MILK — mle-ko, milk-cocoa melting together.

orodnik: mlekom

lesson complete! 🎉

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slovenian-kb · lesson generated by 10_build_lesson.py